Opcode Documentation

Legend Original MoveVM opcodes not supported by SUI Created opcodes extended for SUI

Opcode ByteByte	Opcode NameOpcode	Operand	Stack Inputs	Stack Outputs	Description	Gas CostGas
0x01	POP		value		Pops and discards the top stack value.	11
Description Pops and discards the top stack value. Stack Inputs value MoveVM Version Introduced in Move bytecode version 1. Gas Cost 1 Abort / failure conditions StatusCode::OUT_OF_GAS if gas charging fails. StatusCode::EMPTY_VALUE_STACK if the operand stack is empty.
0x02	RET		ret_val_0...ret_val_n		Returns from the current frame. Exactly the function-signature return count remains on the shared operand stack for the caller; at top-level those values are the function return values.	11
Description Returns from the current frame. Exactly the function-signature return count remains on the shared operand stack for the caller; at top-level those values are the function return values. Stack Inputs ret_val_0...ret_val_n MoveVM Version Introduced in Move bytecode version 1. Gas Cost 1 Abort / failure conditions StatusCode::OUT_OF_GAS if gas charging fails.
0x03	BR_TRUE	offset	bool		Jumps to operand offset when condition is true. 'offset' is ULEB128-encoded and targets an opcode position in this function (not a byte/hex location).	11
Description Jumps to operand offset when condition is true. 'offset' is ULEB128-encoded and targets an opcode position in this function (not a byte/hex location). Operand offset Stack Inputs bool MoveVM Version Introduced in Move bytecode version 1. Gas Cost 1 Abort / failure conditions StatusCode::OUT_OF_GAS if gas charging fails. StatusCode::EMPTY_VALUE_STACK if condition is missing. StatusCode::INTERNAL_TYPE_ERROR if condition is not bool. StatusCode::PC_OVERFLOW if the resolved target offset is outside this function's bytecode.
0x04	BR_FALSE	offset	bool		Jumps to operand offset when condition is false. 'offset' is ULEB128-encoded and targets an opcode position in this function (not a byte/hex location).	11
Description Jumps to operand offset when condition is false. 'offset' is ULEB128-encoded and targets an opcode position in this function (not a byte/hex location). Operand offset Stack Inputs bool MoveVM Version Introduced in Move bytecode version 1. Gas Cost 1 Abort / failure conditions StatusCode::OUT_OF_GAS if gas charging fails. StatusCode::EMPTY_VALUE_STACK if condition is missing. StatusCode::INTERNAL_TYPE_ERROR if condition is not bool. StatusCode::PC_OVERFLOW if the resolved target offset is outside this function's bytecode.
0x05	BRANCH	offset			Unconditional jump to operand offset. 'offset' is ULEB128-encoded and targets an opcode position in this function (not a byte/hex location).	11
Description Unconditional jump to operand offset. 'offset' is ULEB128-encoded and targets an opcode position in this function (not a byte/hex location). Operand offset MoveVM Version Introduced in Move bytecode version 1. Gas Cost 1 Abort / failure conditions StatusCode::OUT_OF_GAS if gas charging fails. StatusCode::PC_OVERFLOW if the resolved target offset is outside this function's bytecode.
0x06	LD_U64	u64		u64	Pushes u64 immediate. 'u64' is a 8-byte little-endian immediate.	1010
Description Pushes u64 immediate. 'u64' is a 8-byte little-endian immediate. Operand u64 Stack Outputs u64 MoveVM Version Introduced in Move bytecode version 1. Gas Cost 10 Abort / failure conditions StatusCode::OUT_OF_GAS if gas charging fails. StatusCode::EXECUTION_STACK_OVERFLOW if pushing exceeds operand stack limit (1024 values).
0x07	LD_CONST	idx		const[idx]	Pushes constant pool entry at idx. 'idx' is ULEB128 and points to CONSTANT_POOL.	22
Description Pushes constant pool entry at idx. 'idx' is ULEB128 and points to CONSTANT_POOL. Operand idx Stack Outputs const[idx] MoveVM Version Introduced in Move bytecode version 1. Gas Cost 2 Abort / failure conditions StatusCode::OUT_OF_GAS if gas charging fails. StatusCode::VERIFIER_INVARIANT_VIOLATION if constant deserialization fails (verifier should prevent this). StatusCode::EXECUTION_STACK_OVERFLOW if pushing exceeds operand stack limit (1024 values).
0x08	LD_TRUE			bool	Pushes boolean true immediate.	33
Description Pushes boolean true immediate. Stack Outputs bool MoveVM Version Introduced in Move bytecode version 1. Gas Cost 3 Abort / failure conditions StatusCode::OUT_OF_GAS if gas charging fails. StatusCode::EXECUTION_STACK_OVERFLOW if pushing exceeds operand stack limit (1024 values).
0x09	LD_FALSE			bool	Pushes boolean false immediate.	33
Description Pushes boolean false immediate. Stack Outputs bool MoveVM Version Introduced in Move bytecode version 1. Gas Cost 3 Abort / failure conditions StatusCode::OUT_OF_GAS if gas charging fails. StatusCode::EXECUTION_STACK_OVERFLOW if pushing exceeds operand stack limit (1024 values).
0x0A	COPY_LOC	idx		T	Copies local[idx] to stack. 'idx' is a ULEB128 index operand.	22
Description Copies local[idx] to stack. 'idx' is a ULEB128 index operand. Operand idx Stack Outputs T MoveVM Version Introduced in Move bytecode version 1. Gas Cost 2 Abort / failure conditions StatusCode::OUT_OF_GAS if gas charging fails. StatusCode::VERIFIER_INVARIANT_VIOLATION if local index is out of bounds. StatusCode::UNKNOWN_INVARIANT_VIOLATION_ERROR if local is invalid/uninitialized. StatusCode::INTERNAL_TYPE_ERROR if runtime value cannot be copied (invalid verifier/runtime mismatch). StatusCode::EXECUTION_STACK_OVERFLOW if pushing exceeds operand stack limit (1024 values).
0x0B	MOVE_LOC	idx		T	Moves local[idx] to stack (local becomes invalid). 'idx' is a ULEB128 index operand.	1010
Description Moves local[idx] to stack (local becomes invalid). 'idx' is a ULEB128 index operand. Operand idx Stack Outputs T MoveVM Version Introduced in Move bytecode version 1. Gas Cost 10 Abort / failure conditions StatusCode::OUT_OF_GAS if gas charging fails. StatusCode::VERIFIER_INVARIANT_VIOLATION if local index is out of bounds. StatusCode::UNKNOWN_INVARIANT_VIOLATION_ERROR if local is invalid/uninitialized. StatusCode::UNKNOWN_INVARIANT_VIOLATION_ERROR when moving containers with dangling references (invariant check). StatusCode::EXECUTION_STACK_OVERFLOW if pushing exceeds operand stack limit (1024 values).
0x0C	ST_LOC	idx	T		Stores top value into local[idx]. 'idx' is a ULEB128 index operand.	11
Description Stores top value into local[idx]. 'idx' is a ULEB128 index operand. Operand idx Stack Inputs T MoveVM Version Introduced in Move bytecode version 1. Gas Cost 1 Abort / failure conditions StatusCode::OUT_OF_GAS if gas charging fails. StatusCode::EMPTY_VALUE_STACK if source value is missing. StatusCode::VERIFIER_INVARIANT_VIOLATION if local index is out of bounds. StatusCode::UNKNOWN_INVARIANT_VIOLATION_ERROR for invalid local replacement with dangling references.
0x0D	MUT_BORROW_LOC	idx		&mut T	Borrows local[idx] mutably. 'idx' is a ULEB128 index operand.	1010
Description Borrows local[idx] mutably. 'idx' is a ULEB128 index operand. Operand idx Stack Outputs &mut T MoveVM Version Introduced in Move bytecode version 1. Gas Cost 10 Abort / failure conditions StatusCode::OUT_OF_GAS if gas charging fails. StatusCode::UNKNOWN_INVARIANT_VIOLATION_ERROR if local index is out of bounds or local cannot be borrowed. StatusCode::EXECUTION_STACK_OVERFLOW if pushing exceeds operand stack limit (1024 values).
0x0E	IMM_BORROW_LOC	idx		&T	Borrows local[idx] immutably. 'idx' is a ULEB128 index operand.	1010
Description Borrows local[idx] immutably. 'idx' is a ULEB128 index operand. Operand idx Stack Outputs &T MoveVM Version Introduced in Move bytecode version 1. Gas Cost 10 Abort / failure conditions StatusCode::OUT_OF_GAS if gas charging fails. StatusCode::UNKNOWN_INVARIANT_VIOLATION_ERROR if local index is out of bounds or local cannot be borrowed. StatusCode::EXECUTION_STACK_OVERFLOW if pushing exceeds operand stack limit (1024 values).
0x0F	MUT_BORROW_FIELD	idx	&mut Struct	&mut Field	Borrows a field mutably from a struct reference. 'idx' is ULEB128 and points to FIELD_HANDLES.	1010
Description Borrows a field mutably from a struct reference. 'idx' is ULEB128 and points to FIELD_HANDLES. Operand idx Stack Inputs &mut Struct Stack Outputs &mut Field MoveVM Version Introduced in Move bytecode version 1. Gas Cost 10 Abort / failure conditions StatusCode::OUT_OF_GAS if gas charging fails. StatusCode::EMPTY_VALUE_STACK if source reference is missing. StatusCode::INTERNAL_TYPE_ERROR if top value is not a struct reference. StatusCode::UNKNOWN_INVARIANT_VIOLATION_ERROR if resolved field offset is invalid for runtime value. StatusCode::EXECUTION_STACK_OVERFLOW if pushing exceeds operand stack limit (1024 values).
0x10	IMM_BORROW_FIELD	idx	&Struct	&Field	Borrows a field immutably from a struct reference. 'idx' is ULEB128 and points to FIELD_HANDLES.	1010
Description Borrows a field immutably from a struct reference. 'idx' is ULEB128 and points to FIELD_HANDLES. Operand idx Stack Inputs &Struct Stack Outputs &Field MoveVM Version Introduced in Move bytecode version 1. Gas Cost 10 Abort / failure conditions StatusCode::OUT_OF_GAS if gas charging fails. StatusCode::EMPTY_VALUE_STACK if source reference is missing. StatusCode::INTERNAL_TYPE_ERROR if top value is not a struct reference. StatusCode::UNKNOWN_INVARIANT_VIOLATION_ERROR if resolved field offset is invalid for runtime value. StatusCode::EXECUTION_STACK_OVERFLOW if pushing exceeds operand stack limit (1024 values).
0x11	CALL	idx	arg_0...arg_n	ret_val_0...ret_val_n	Invokes a function. Arguments are consumed from the shared operand stack and moved into callee locals; when callee executes RET, declared return values are left on the same shared operand stack for the caller. 'idx' is ULEB128 and points to FUNCTION_HANDLES.	11
Description Invokes a function. Arguments are consumed from the shared operand stack and moved into callee locals; when callee executes RET, declared return values are left on the same shared operand stack for the caller. 'idx' is ULEB128 and points to FUNCTION_HANDLES. Operand idx Stack Inputs arg_0...arg_n Stack Outputs ret_val_0...ret_val_n MoveVM Version Introduced in Move bytecode version 1. Gas Cost 1 Abort / failure conditions StatusCode::OUT_OF_GAS if gas charging fails. StatusCode::EMPTY_VALUE_STACK if argument values are missing. StatusCode::CALL_STACK_OVERFLOW if frame push exceeds call stack limit (1024 frames). StatusCode::ABORTED if a called native function aborts (sub-status from native). StatusCode::UNKNOWN_INVARIANT_VIOLATION_ERROR if native return arity mismatches declared signature.
0x12	PACK	idx	struct_field_0...struct_field_n	struct<T>	Packs field values into a struct. 'idx' is ULEB128 and points to STRUCT_DEFINITIONS.	44
Description Packs field values into a struct. 'idx' is ULEB128 and points to STRUCT_DEFINITIONS. Operand idx Stack Inputs struct_field_0...struct_field_n Stack Outputs struct<T> MoveVM Version Introduced in Move bytecode version 1. Gas Cost 4 Abort / failure conditions StatusCode::OUT_OF_GAS if gas charging fails. StatusCode::EMPTY_VALUE_STACK if fewer than required field values are available. StatusCode::VM_MAX_VALUE_DEPTH_REACHED when target type exceeds runtime depth limit. StatusCode::EXECUTION_STACK_OVERFLOW if pushing exceeds operand stack limit (1024 values).
0x13	UNPACK	idx	struct<T>	struct_field_0...struct_field_n	Unpacks struct into its fields. 'idx' is ULEB128 and points to STRUCT_DEFINITIONS.	11
Description Unpacks struct into its fields. 'idx' is ULEB128 and points to STRUCT_DEFINITIONS. Operand idx Stack Inputs struct<T> Stack Outputs struct_field_0...struct_field_n MoveVM Version Introduced in Move bytecode version 1. Gas Cost 1 Abort / failure conditions StatusCode::OUT_OF_GAS if gas charging fails. StatusCode::EMPTY_VALUE_STACK if source struct is missing. StatusCode::INTERNAL_TYPE_ERROR if top value is not a struct. StatusCode::EXECUTION_STACK_OVERFLOW if pushing unpacked fields exceeds stack limit.
0x14	READ_REF		&T or &mut T	T	Reads value through a reference.	22
Description Reads value through a reference. Stack Inputs &T or &mut T Stack Outputs T MoveVM Version Introduced in Move bytecode version 1. Gas Cost 2 Abort / failure conditions StatusCode::OUT_OF_GAS if gas charging fails. StatusCode::EMPTY_VALUE_STACK if reference is missing. StatusCode::INTERNAL_TYPE_ERROR if top value is not a reference. StatusCode::EXECUTION_STACK_OVERFLOW if pushing exceeds operand stack limit (1024 values).
0x15	WRITE_REF		T&mut T		Writes value through a mutable reference.	11
Description Writes value through a mutable reference. Stack Inputs T&mut T MoveVM Version Introduced in Move bytecode version 1. Gas Cost 1 Abort / failure conditions StatusCode::OUT_OF_GAS if gas charging fails. StatusCode::EMPTY_VALUE_STACK if value/reference operands are missing. StatusCode::INTERNAL_TYPE_ERROR for value/reference runtime type mismatch. StatusCode::UNKNOWN_INVARIANT_VIOLATION_ERROR for illegal reference writes (e.g., container/type mismatch).
0x16	ADD		uNuN	uN	Adds two unsigned integers of the same width: lhs + rhs.	3434
Description Adds two unsigned integers of the same width: lhs + rhs. Stack Inputs uNuN Stack Outputs uN MoveVM Version Introduced in Move bytecode version 1. Gas Cost 34 Abort / failure conditions StatusCode::OUT_OF_GAS if gas charging fails. StatusCode::EMPTY_VALUE_STACK if operands are missing. StatusCode::INTERNAL_TYPE_ERROR if operand runtime types differ or are non-integer. StatusCode::ARITHMETIC_ERROR on overflow/underflow/div-by-zero/mod-by-zero. StatusCode::EXECUTION_STACK_OVERFLOW if pushing exceeds operand stack limit (1024 values).
0x17	SUB		uNuN	uN	Subtracts two unsigned integers of the same width: lhs - rhs.	3434
Description Subtracts two unsigned integers of the same width: lhs - rhs. Stack Inputs uNuN Stack Outputs uN MoveVM Version Introduced in Move bytecode version 1. Gas Cost 34 Abort / failure conditions StatusCode::OUT_OF_GAS if gas charging fails. StatusCode::EMPTY_VALUE_STACK if operands are missing. StatusCode::INTERNAL_TYPE_ERROR if operand runtime types differ or are non-integer. StatusCode::ARITHMETIC_ERROR on overflow/underflow/div-by-zero/mod-by-zero. StatusCode::EXECUTION_STACK_OVERFLOW if pushing exceeds operand stack limit (1024 values).
0x18	MUL		uNuN	uN	Multiplies two unsigned integers of the same width: lhs * rhs.	3434
Description Multiplies two unsigned integers of the same width: lhs * rhs. Stack Inputs uNuN Stack Outputs uN MoveVM Version Introduced in Move bytecode version 1. Gas Cost 34 Abort / failure conditions StatusCode::OUT_OF_GAS if gas charging fails. StatusCode::EMPTY_VALUE_STACK if operands are missing. StatusCode::INTERNAL_TYPE_ERROR if operand runtime types differ or are non-integer. StatusCode::ARITHMETIC_ERROR on overflow/underflow/div-by-zero/mod-by-zero. StatusCode::EXECUTION_STACK_OVERFLOW if pushing exceeds operand stack limit (1024 values).
0x19	MOD		uNuN	uN	Computes unsigned remainder of same-width integers: lhs % rhs.	3434
Description Computes unsigned remainder of same-width integers: lhs % rhs. Stack Inputs uNuN Stack Outputs uN MoveVM Version Introduced in Move bytecode version 1. Gas Cost 34 Abort / failure conditions StatusCode::OUT_OF_GAS if gas charging fails. StatusCode::EMPTY_VALUE_STACK if operands are missing. StatusCode::INTERNAL_TYPE_ERROR if operand runtime types differ or are non-integer. StatusCode::ARITHMETIC_ERROR on overflow/underflow/div-by-zero/mod-by-zero. StatusCode::EXECUTION_STACK_OVERFLOW if pushing exceeds operand stack limit (1024 values).
0x1A	DIV		uNuN	uN	Computes unsigned division of same-width integers: lhs / rhs.	3434
Description Computes unsigned division of same-width integers: lhs / rhs. Stack Inputs uNuN Stack Outputs uN MoveVM Version Introduced in Move bytecode version 1. Gas Cost 34 Abort / failure conditions StatusCode::OUT_OF_GAS if gas charging fails. StatusCode::EMPTY_VALUE_STACK if operands are missing. StatusCode::INTERNAL_TYPE_ERROR if operand runtime types differ or are non-integer. StatusCode::ARITHMETIC_ERROR on overflow/underflow/div-by-zero/mod-by-zero. StatusCode::EXECUTION_STACK_OVERFLOW if pushing exceeds operand stack limit (1024 values).
0x1B	BIT_OR		uNuN	uN	Bitwise OR on same-width unsigned integers: lhs \| rhs.	3434
Description Bitwise OR on same-width unsigned integers: lhs \| rhs. Stack Inputs uNuN Stack Outputs uN MoveVM Version Introduced in Move bytecode version 1. Gas Cost 34 Abort / failure conditions StatusCode::OUT_OF_GAS if gas charging fails. StatusCode::EMPTY_VALUE_STACK if operands are missing. StatusCode::INTERNAL_TYPE_ERROR if operand runtime types differ or are non-integer. StatusCode::EXECUTION_STACK_OVERFLOW if pushing exceeds operand stack limit (1024 values).
0x1C	BIT_AND		uNuN	uN	Bitwise AND on same-width unsigned integers: lhs & rhs.	3434
Description Bitwise AND on same-width unsigned integers: lhs & rhs. Stack Inputs uNuN Stack Outputs uN MoveVM Version Introduced in Move bytecode version 1. Gas Cost 34 Abort / failure conditions StatusCode::OUT_OF_GAS if gas charging fails. StatusCode::EMPTY_VALUE_STACK if operands are missing. StatusCode::INTERNAL_TYPE_ERROR if operand runtime types differ or are non-integer. StatusCode::EXECUTION_STACK_OVERFLOW if pushing exceeds operand stack limit (1024 values).
0x1D	XOR		uNuN	uN	Bitwise XOR on same-width unsigned integers: lhs ^ rhs.	3434
Description Bitwise XOR on same-width unsigned integers: lhs ^ rhs. Stack Inputs uNuN Stack Outputs uN MoveVM Version Introduced in Move bytecode version 1. Gas Cost 34 Abort / failure conditions StatusCode::OUT_OF_GAS if gas charging fails. StatusCode::EMPTY_VALUE_STACK if operands are missing. StatusCode::INTERNAL_TYPE_ERROR if operand runtime types differ or are non-integer. StatusCode::EXECUTION_STACK_OVERFLOW if pushing exceeds operand stack limit (1024 values).
0x1E	OR		boolbool	bool	Boolean OR operation: lhs \|\| rhs.	33
Description Boolean OR operation: lhs \|\| rhs. Stack Inputs boolbool Stack Outputs bool MoveVM Version Introduced in Move bytecode version 1. Gas Cost 3 Abort / failure conditions StatusCode::OUT_OF_GAS if gas charging fails. StatusCode::EMPTY_VALUE_STACK if operands are missing. StatusCode::INTERNAL_TYPE_ERROR if operands are not bool. StatusCode::EXECUTION_STACK_OVERFLOW if pushing exceeds operand stack limit (1024 values).
0x1F	AND		boolbool	bool	Boolean AND operation: lhs && rhs.	33
Description Boolean AND operation: lhs && rhs. Stack Inputs boolbool Stack Outputs bool MoveVM Version Introduced in Move bytecode version 1. Gas Cost 3 Abort / failure conditions StatusCode::OUT_OF_GAS if gas charging fails. StatusCode::EMPTY_VALUE_STACK if operands are missing. StatusCode::INTERNAL_TYPE_ERROR if operands are not bool. StatusCode::EXECUTION_STACK_OVERFLOW if pushing exceeds operand stack limit (1024 values).
0x20	NOT		bool	bool	Boolean negation.	33
Description Boolean negation. Stack Inputs bool Stack Outputs bool MoveVM Version Introduced in Move bytecode version 1. Gas Cost 3 Abort / failure conditions StatusCode::OUT_OF_GAS if gas charging fails. StatusCode::EMPTY_VALUE_STACK if operand is missing. StatusCode::INTERNAL_TYPE_ERROR if operand is not bool. StatusCode::EXECUTION_STACK_OVERFLOW if pushing exceeds operand stack limit (1024 values).
0x21	EQ		TT	bool	Equality comparison: pushes true iff lhs == rhs.	33
Description Equality comparison: pushes true iff lhs == rhs. Stack Inputs TT Stack Outputs bool MoveVM Version Introduced in Move bytecode version 1. Gas Cost 3 Abort / failure conditions StatusCode::OUT_OF_GAS if gas charging fails. StatusCode::EMPTY_VALUE_STACK if operands are missing. StatusCode::INTERNAL_TYPE_ERROR for unsupported or mismatched runtime value comparison. StatusCode::EXECUTION_STACK_OVERFLOW if pushing exceeds operand stack limit (1024 values).
0x22	NEQ		TT	bool	Inequality comparison: pushes true iff lhs != rhs.	22
Description Inequality comparison: pushes true iff lhs != rhs. Stack Inputs TT Stack Outputs bool MoveVM Version Introduced in Move bytecode version 1. Gas Cost 2 Abort / failure conditions StatusCode::OUT_OF_GAS if gas charging fails. StatusCode::EMPTY_VALUE_STACK if operands are missing. StatusCode::INTERNAL_TYPE_ERROR for unsupported or mismatched runtime value comparison. StatusCode::EXECUTION_STACK_OVERFLOW if pushing exceeds operand stack limit (1024 values).
0x23	LT		uNuN	bool	Unsigned comparison: pushes true iff lhs < rhs.	33
Description Unsigned comparison: pushes true iff lhs < rhs. Stack Inputs uNuN Stack Outputs bool MoveVM Version Introduced in Move bytecode version 1. Gas Cost 3 Abort / failure conditions StatusCode::OUT_OF_GAS if gas charging fails. StatusCode::EMPTY_VALUE_STACK if operands are missing. StatusCode::INTERNAL_TYPE_ERROR if integer widths differ or values are non-integer. StatusCode::EXECUTION_STACK_OVERFLOW if pushing exceeds operand stack limit (1024 values).
0x24	GT		uNuN	bool	Unsigned comparison: pushes true iff lhs > rhs.	33
Description Unsigned comparison: pushes true iff lhs > rhs. Stack Inputs uNuN Stack Outputs bool MoveVM Version Introduced in Move bytecode version 1. Gas Cost 3 Abort / failure conditions StatusCode::OUT_OF_GAS if gas charging fails. StatusCode::EMPTY_VALUE_STACK if operands are missing. StatusCode::INTERNAL_TYPE_ERROR if integer widths differ or values are non-integer. StatusCode::EXECUTION_STACK_OVERFLOW if pushing exceeds operand stack limit (1024 values).
0x25	LE		uNuN	bool	Unsigned comparison: pushes true iff lhs <= rhs.	33
Description Unsigned comparison: pushes true iff lhs <= rhs. Stack Inputs uNuN Stack Outputs bool MoveVM Version Introduced in Move bytecode version 1. Gas Cost 3 Abort / failure conditions StatusCode::OUT_OF_GAS if gas charging fails. StatusCode::EMPTY_VALUE_STACK if operands are missing. StatusCode::INTERNAL_TYPE_ERROR if integer widths differ or values are non-integer. StatusCode::EXECUTION_STACK_OVERFLOW if pushing exceeds operand stack limit (1024 values).
0x26	GE		uNuN	bool	Unsigned comparison: pushes true iff lhs >= rhs.	33
Description Unsigned comparison: pushes true iff lhs >= rhs. Stack Inputs uNuN Stack Outputs bool MoveVM Version Introduced in Move bytecode version 1. Gas Cost 3 Abort / failure conditions StatusCode::OUT_OF_GAS if gas charging fails. StatusCode::EMPTY_VALUE_STACK if operands are missing. StatusCode::INTERNAL_TYPE_ERROR if integer widths differ or values are non-integer. StatusCode::EXECUTION_STACK_OVERFLOW if pushing exceeds operand stack limit (1024 values).
0x27	ABORT		u64		Aborts execution with the given sub-status code.	11
Description Aborts execution with the given sub-status code. Stack Inputs u64 MoveVM Version Introduced in Move bytecode version 1. Gas Cost 1 Abort / failure conditions StatusCode::OUT_OF_GAS if gas charging fails. StatusCode::EMPTY_VALUE_STACK if abort code is missing. StatusCode::INTERNAL_TYPE_ERROR if abort code is not u64. StatusCode::ABORTED with sub-status = popped abort code.
0x28	NOP				No operation.	11
Description No operation. MoveVM Version Introduced in Move bytecode version 1. Gas Cost 1 Abort / failure conditions StatusCode::OUT_OF_GAS if gas charging fails.
0x29	EXISTS	idx	address	bool	Checks if resource/object of type T exists at address. 'idx' is ULEB128 and points to STRUCT_DEFINITIONS.
Description Checks if resource/object of type T exists at address. 'idx' is ULEB128 and points to STRUCT_DEFINITIONS. Operand idx Stack Inputs address Stack Outputs bool MoveVM Version No opcode-specific entries. Abort / failure conditions StatusCode::OUT_OF_GAS if gas charging fails. These opcodes are verifier/runtime-invalid for this runtime profile (interpreter marks them unreachable). If forced through malformed bytecode/debug emulation, treat as invariant-violation class failure.
0x2A	MUT_BORROW_GLOBAL	idx	address	&mut T	Borrows global resource/object mutably. 'idx' is ULEB128 and points to STRUCT_DEFINITIONS.
Description Borrows global resource/object mutably. 'idx' is ULEB128 and points to STRUCT_DEFINITIONS. Operand idx Stack Inputs address Stack Outputs &mut T MoveVM Version No opcode-specific entries. Abort / failure conditions StatusCode::OUT_OF_GAS if gas charging fails. These opcodes are verifier/runtime-invalid for this runtime profile (interpreter marks them unreachable). If forced through malformed bytecode/debug emulation, treat as invariant-violation class failure.
0x2B	IMM_BORROW_GLOBAL	idx	address	&T	Borrows global resource/object immutably. 'idx' is ULEB128 and points to STRUCT_DEFINITIONS.
Description Borrows global resource/object immutably. 'idx' is ULEB128 and points to STRUCT_DEFINITIONS. Operand idx Stack Inputs address Stack Outputs &T MoveVM Version No opcode-specific entries. Abort / failure conditions StatusCode::OUT_OF_GAS if gas charging fails. These opcodes are verifier/runtime-invalid for this runtime profile (interpreter marks them unreachable). If forced through malformed bytecode/debug emulation, treat as invariant-violation class failure.
0x2C	MOVE_FROM	idx	address	T	Moves global resource/object out of storage. 'idx' is ULEB128 and points to STRUCT_DEFINITIONS.
Description Moves global resource/object out of storage. 'idx' is ULEB128 and points to STRUCT_DEFINITIONS. Operand idx Stack Inputs address Stack Outputs T MoveVM Version No opcode-specific entries. Abort / failure conditions StatusCode::OUT_OF_GAS if gas charging fails. These opcodes are verifier/runtime-invalid for this runtime profile (interpreter marks them unreachable). If forced through malformed bytecode/debug emulation, treat as invariant-violation class failure.
0x2D	MOVE_TO	idx	addressT		Moves a resource/object into storage. 'idx' is ULEB128 and points to STRUCT_DEFINITIONS.
Description Moves a resource/object into storage. 'idx' is ULEB128 and points to STRUCT_DEFINITIONS. Operand idx Stack Inputs addressT MoveVM Version No opcode-specific entries. Abort / failure conditions StatusCode::OUT_OF_GAS if gas charging fails. These opcodes are verifier/runtime-invalid for this runtime profile (interpreter marks them unreachable). If forced through malformed bytecode/debug emulation, treat as invariant-violation class failure.
0x2E	FREEZE_REF		&mut T	&T	Converts mutable reference into immutable reference.	1010
Description Converts mutable reference into immutable reference. Stack Inputs &mut T Stack Outputs &T MoveVM Version Introduced in Move bytecode version 1. Gas Cost 10 Abort / failure conditions StatusCode::OUT_OF_GAS if gas charging fails.
0x2F	SHL		uNu8	uN	Left shift on unsigned integer by u8 shift count: lhs << rhs.	3434
Description Left shift on unsigned integer by u8 shift count: lhs << rhs. Stack Inputs uNu8 Stack Outputs uN MoveVM Version Introduced in Move bytecode version 1. Gas Cost 34 Abort / failure conditions StatusCode::OUT_OF_GAS if gas charging fails. StatusCode::EMPTY_VALUE_STACK if operands are missing. StatusCode::INTERNAL_TYPE_ERROR if operand types are not (integer, u8). StatusCode::ARITHMETIC_ERROR when shift count is >= bit width for u8/u16/u32/u64/u128. StatusCode::EXECUTION_STACK_OVERFLOW if pushing exceeds operand stack limit (1024 values).
0x30	SHR		uNu8	uN	Right shift on unsigned integer by u8 shift count: lhs >> rhs.	3434
Description Right shift on unsigned integer by u8 shift count: lhs >> rhs. Stack Inputs uNu8 Stack Outputs uN MoveVM Version Introduced in Move bytecode version 1. Gas Cost 34 Abort / failure conditions StatusCode::OUT_OF_GAS if gas charging fails. StatusCode::EMPTY_VALUE_STACK if operands are missing. StatusCode::INTERNAL_TYPE_ERROR if operand types are not (integer, u8). StatusCode::ARITHMETIC_ERROR when shift count is >= bit width for u8/u16/u32/u64/u128. StatusCode::EXECUTION_STACK_OVERFLOW if pushing exceeds operand stack limit (1024 values).
0x31	LD_U8	u8		u8	Pushes u8 immediate. 'u8' is a 1-byte little-endian immediate.	33
Description Pushes u8 immediate. 'u8' is a 1-byte little-endian immediate. Operand u8 Stack Outputs u8 MoveVM Version Introduced in Move bytecode version 1. Gas Cost 3 Abort / failure conditions StatusCode::OUT_OF_GAS if gas charging fails. StatusCode::EXECUTION_STACK_OVERFLOW if pushing exceeds operand stack limit (1024 values).
0x32	LD_U128	u128		u128	Pushes u128 immediate. 'u128' is a 16-byte little-endian immediate.	1818
Description Pushes u128 immediate. 'u128' is a 16-byte little-endian immediate. Operand u128 Stack Outputs u128 MoveVM Version Introduced in Move bytecode version 1. Gas Cost 18 Abort / failure conditions StatusCode::OUT_OF_GAS if gas charging fails. StatusCode::EXECUTION_STACK_OVERFLOW if pushing exceeds operand stack limit (1024 values).
0x33	CAST_U8		uN	u8	Casts integer to u8.	33
Description Casts integer to u8. Stack Inputs uN Stack Outputs u8 MoveVM Version Introduced in Move bytecode version 1. Gas Cost 3 Abort / failure conditions StatusCode::OUT_OF_GAS if gas charging fails. StatusCode::EMPTY_VALUE_STACK if source integer is missing. StatusCode::INTERNAL_TYPE_ERROR if source is not an integer runtime value. StatusCode::ARITHMETIC_ERROR if source value does not fit target integer width. StatusCode::EXECUTION_STACK_OVERFLOW if pushing exceeds operand stack limit (1024 values).
0x34	CAST_U64		uN	u64	Casts integer to u64.	1010
Description Casts integer to u64. Stack Inputs uN Stack Outputs u64 MoveVM Version Introduced in Move bytecode version 1. Gas Cost 10 Abort / failure conditions StatusCode::OUT_OF_GAS if gas charging fails. StatusCode::EMPTY_VALUE_STACK if source integer is missing. StatusCode::INTERNAL_TYPE_ERROR if source is not an integer runtime value. StatusCode::ARITHMETIC_ERROR if source value does not fit target integer width. StatusCode::EXECUTION_STACK_OVERFLOW if pushing exceeds operand stack limit (1024 values).
0x35	CAST_U128		uN	u128	Casts integer to u128.	1818
Description Casts integer to u128. Stack Inputs uN Stack Outputs u128 MoveVM Version Introduced in Move bytecode version 1. Gas Cost 18 Abort / failure conditions StatusCode::OUT_OF_GAS if gas charging fails. StatusCode::EMPTY_VALUE_STACK if source integer is missing. StatusCode::INTERNAL_TYPE_ERROR if source is not an integer runtime value. StatusCode::ARITHMETIC_ERROR if source value does not fit target integer width. StatusCode::EXECUTION_STACK_OVERFLOW if pushing exceeds operand stack limit (1024 values).
0x36	MUT_BORROW_FIELD_GENERIC	idx	&mut Struct	&mut Field	Borrows a field mutably from a struct reference. 'idx' is ULEB128 and points to FIELD_INSTANTIATIONS.	1010
Description Borrows a field mutably from a struct reference. 'idx' is ULEB128 and points to FIELD_INSTANTIATIONS. Operand idx Stack Inputs &mut Struct Stack Outputs &mut Field MoveVM Version Introduced in Move bytecode version 1. Gas Cost 10 Abort / failure conditions StatusCode::OUT_OF_GAS if gas charging fails. StatusCode::EMPTY_VALUE_STACK if source reference is missing. StatusCode::INTERNAL_TYPE_ERROR if top value is not a struct reference. StatusCode::UNKNOWN_INVARIANT_VIOLATION_ERROR if resolved field offset is invalid for runtime value. StatusCode::EXECUTION_STACK_OVERFLOW if pushing exceeds operand stack limit (1024 values).
0x37	IMM_BORROW_FIELD_GENERIC	idx	&Struct	&Field	Borrows a field immutably from a struct reference. 'idx' is ULEB128 and points to FIELD_INSTANTIATIONS.	1010
Description Borrows a field immutably from a struct reference. 'idx' is ULEB128 and points to FIELD_INSTANTIATIONS. Operand idx Stack Inputs &Struct Stack Outputs &Field MoveVM Version Introduced in Move bytecode version 1. Gas Cost 10 Abort / failure conditions StatusCode::OUT_OF_GAS if gas charging fails. StatusCode::EMPTY_VALUE_STACK if source reference is missing. StatusCode::INTERNAL_TYPE_ERROR if top value is not a struct reference. StatusCode::UNKNOWN_INVARIANT_VIOLATION_ERROR if resolved field offset is invalid for runtime value. StatusCode::EXECUTION_STACK_OVERFLOW if pushing exceeds operand stack limit (1024 values).
0x38	CALL_GENERIC	idx	arg_0...arg_n	ret_val_0...ret_val_n	Invokes a generic function. Arguments are consumed from the shared operand stack and moved into callee locals; when callee executes RET, declared return values are left on the same shared operand stack for the caller. 'idx' is ULEB128 and points to FUNCTION_INSTANTIATIONS.	11
Description Invokes a generic function. Arguments are consumed from the shared operand stack and moved into callee locals; when callee executes RET, declared return values are left on the same shared operand stack for the caller. 'idx' is ULEB128 and points to FUNCTION_INSTANTIATIONS. Operand idx Stack Inputs arg_0...arg_n Stack Outputs ret_val_0...ret_val_n MoveVM Version Introduced in Move bytecode version 1. Gas Cost 1 Abort / failure conditions StatusCode::OUT_OF_GAS if gas charging fails. StatusCode::EMPTY_VALUE_STACK if argument values are missing. StatusCode::CALL_STACK_OVERFLOW if frame push exceeds call stack limit (1024 frames). StatusCode::ABORTED if a called native function aborts (sub-status from native). StatusCode::UNKNOWN_INVARIANT_VIOLATION_ERROR if native return arity mismatches declared signature.
0x39	PACK_GENERIC	idx	struct_field_0...struct_field_n	struct<T>	Packs field values into a struct. 'idx' is ULEB128 and points to STRUCT_DEF_INSTANTIATIONS.	44
Description Packs field values into a struct. 'idx' is ULEB128 and points to STRUCT_DEF_INSTANTIATIONS. Operand idx Stack Inputs struct_field_0...struct_field_n Stack Outputs struct<T> MoveVM Version Introduced in Move bytecode version 1. Gas Cost 4 Abort / failure conditions StatusCode::OUT_OF_GAS if gas charging fails. StatusCode::EMPTY_VALUE_STACK if fewer than required field values are available. StatusCode::VM_MAX_VALUE_DEPTH_REACHED when target type exceeds runtime depth limit. StatusCode::EXECUTION_STACK_OVERFLOW if pushing exceeds operand stack limit (1024 values).
0x3A	UNPACK_GENERIC	idx	struct<T>	struct_field_0...struct_field_n	Unpacks struct into its fields. 'idx' is ULEB128 and points to STRUCT_DEF_INSTANTIATIONS.	11
Description Unpacks struct into its fields. 'idx' is ULEB128 and points to STRUCT_DEF_INSTANTIATIONS. Operand idx Stack Inputs struct<T> Stack Outputs struct_field_0...struct_field_n MoveVM Version Introduced in Move bytecode version 1. Gas Cost 1 Abort / failure conditions StatusCode::OUT_OF_GAS if gas charging fails. StatusCode::EMPTY_VALUE_STACK if source struct is missing. StatusCode::INTERNAL_TYPE_ERROR if top value is not a struct. StatusCode::EXECUTION_STACK_OVERFLOW if pushing unpacked fields exceeds stack limit.
0x3B	EXISTS_GENERIC	idx	address	bool	Checks if resource/object of type T exists at address. 'idx' is ULEB128 and points to STRUCT_DEF_INSTANTIATIONS.
Description Checks if resource/object of type T exists at address. 'idx' is ULEB128 and points to STRUCT_DEF_INSTANTIATIONS. Operand idx Stack Inputs address Stack Outputs bool MoveVM Version No opcode-specific entries. Abort / failure conditions StatusCode::OUT_OF_GAS if gas charging fails. These opcodes are verifier/runtime-invalid for this runtime profile (interpreter marks them unreachable). If forced through malformed bytecode/debug emulation, treat as invariant-violation class failure.
0x3C	MUT_BORROW_GLOBAL_GENERIC	idx	address	&mut T	Borrows global resource/object mutably. 'idx' is ULEB128 and points to STRUCT_DEF_INSTANTIATIONS.
Description Borrows global resource/object mutably. 'idx' is ULEB128 and points to STRUCT_DEF_INSTANTIATIONS. Operand idx Stack Inputs address Stack Outputs &mut T MoveVM Version No opcode-specific entries. Abort / failure conditions StatusCode::OUT_OF_GAS if gas charging fails. These opcodes are verifier/runtime-invalid for this runtime profile (interpreter marks them unreachable). If forced through malformed bytecode/debug emulation, treat as invariant-violation class failure.
0x3D	IMM_BORROW_GLOBAL_GENERIC	idx	address	&T	Borrows global resource/object immutably. 'idx' is ULEB128 and points to STRUCT_DEF_INSTANTIATIONS.
Description Borrows global resource/object immutably. 'idx' is ULEB128 and points to STRUCT_DEF_INSTANTIATIONS. Operand idx Stack Inputs address Stack Outputs &T MoveVM Version No opcode-specific entries. Abort / failure conditions StatusCode::OUT_OF_GAS if gas charging fails. These opcodes are verifier/runtime-invalid for this runtime profile (interpreter marks them unreachable). If forced through malformed bytecode/debug emulation, treat as invariant-violation class failure.
0x3E	MOVE_FROM_GENERIC	idx	address	T	Moves global resource/object out of storage. 'idx' is ULEB128 and points to STRUCT_DEF_INSTANTIATIONS.
Description Moves global resource/object out of storage. 'idx' is ULEB128 and points to STRUCT_DEF_INSTANTIATIONS. Operand idx Stack Inputs address Stack Outputs T MoveVM Version No opcode-specific entries. Abort / failure conditions StatusCode::OUT_OF_GAS if gas charging fails. These opcodes are verifier/runtime-invalid for this runtime profile (interpreter marks them unreachable). If forced through malformed bytecode/debug emulation, treat as invariant-violation class failure.
0x3F	MOVE_TO_GENERIC	idx	addressT		Moves a resource/object into storage. 'idx' is ULEB128 and points to STRUCT_DEF_INSTANTIATIONS.
Description Moves a resource/object into storage. 'idx' is ULEB128 and points to STRUCT_DEF_INSTANTIATIONS. Operand idx Stack Inputs addressT MoveVM Version No opcode-specific entries. Abort / failure conditions StatusCode::OUT_OF_GAS if gas charging fails. These opcodes are verifier/runtime-invalid for this runtime profile (interpreter marks them unreachable). If forced through malformed bytecode/debug emulation, treat as invariant-violation class failure.
0x40	VEC_PACK	idxu64	element_0...element_n	vector<T>	Packs N values into vector. 'idx' is ULEB128 and points to SIGNATURES. 'u64' is a 8-byte little-endian immediate.	1010
Description Packs N values into vector. 'idx' is ULEB128 and points to SIGNATURES. 'u64' is a 8-byte little-endian immediate. Operand idxu64 Stack Inputs element_0...element_n Stack Outputs vector<T> MoveVM Version Introduced in Move bytecode version 4. Gas Cost 10 Abort / failure conditions StatusCode::OUT_OF_GAS if gas charging fails. StatusCode::EMPTY_VALUE_STACK if fewer than N elements are available. StatusCode::VM_MAX_VALUE_DEPTH_REACHED when vector element type exceeds depth limit. StatusCode::INTERNAL_TYPE_ERROR if popped element type/layout mismatches vector element type. StatusCode::EXECUTION_STACK_OVERFLOW if pushing exceeds operand stack limit (1024 values).
0x41	VEC_LEN	idx	&vector<T> or vector<T>	u64	Returns vector length. 'idx' is ULEB128 and points to SIGNATURES.	1010
Description Returns vector length. 'idx' is ULEB128 and points to SIGNATURES. Operand idx Stack Inputs &vector<T> or vector<T> Stack Outputs u64 MoveVM Version Introduced in Move bytecode version 4. Gas Cost 10 Abort / failure conditions StatusCode::OUT_OF_GAS if gas charging fails. StatusCode::EMPTY_VALUE_STACK if vector reference is missing. StatusCode::INTERNAL_TYPE_ERROR if top value is not a vector reference. StatusCode::UNKNOWN_INVARIANT_VIOLATION_ERROR if runtime vector element layout does not match type operand. StatusCode::EXECUTION_STACK_OVERFLOW if pushing exceeds operand stack limit (1024 values).
0x42	VEC_IMM_BORROW	idx	u64 index&vector<T>	&T	Borrows vector element immutably. 'idx' is ULEB128 and points to SIGNATURES.	1010
Description Borrows vector element immutably. 'idx' is ULEB128 and points to SIGNATURES. Operand idx Stack Inputs u64 index&vector<T> Stack Outputs &T MoveVM Version Introduced in Move bytecode version 4. Gas Cost 10 Abort / failure conditions StatusCode::OUT_OF_GAS if gas charging fails. StatusCode::EMPTY_VALUE_STACK if index/reference operands are missing. StatusCode::INTERNAL_TYPE_ERROR if operands are not (u64, vector reference). StatusCode::VECTOR_OPERATION_ERROR (sub-status INDEX_OUT_OF_BOUNDS) on invalid index. StatusCode::UNKNOWN_INVARIANT_VIOLATION_ERROR if runtime vector element layout mismatches type operand. StatusCode::EXECUTION_STACK_OVERFLOW if pushing exceeds operand stack limit (1024 values).
0x43	VEC_MUT_BORROW	idx	u64 index&mut vector<T>	&mut T	Borrows vector element mutably. 'idx' is ULEB128 and points to SIGNATURES.	1010
Description Borrows vector element mutably. 'idx' is ULEB128 and points to SIGNATURES. Operand idx Stack Inputs u64 index&mut vector<T> Stack Outputs &mut T MoveVM Version Introduced in Move bytecode version 4. Gas Cost 10 Abort / failure conditions StatusCode::OUT_OF_GAS if gas charging fails. StatusCode::EMPTY_VALUE_STACK if index/reference operands are missing. StatusCode::INTERNAL_TYPE_ERROR if operands are not (u64, vector reference). StatusCode::VECTOR_OPERATION_ERROR (sub-status INDEX_OUT_OF_BOUNDS) on invalid index. StatusCode::UNKNOWN_INVARIANT_VIOLATION_ERROR if runtime vector element layout mismatches type operand. StatusCode::EXECUTION_STACK_OVERFLOW if pushing exceeds operand stack limit (1024 values).
0x44	VEC_PUSH_BACK	idx	T&mut vector<T>		Appends element to vector. 'idx' is ULEB128 and points to SIGNATURES.	11
Description Appends element to vector. 'idx' is ULEB128 and points to SIGNATURES. Operand idx Stack Inputs T&mut vector<T> MoveVM Version Introduced in Move bytecode version 4. Gas Cost 1 Abort / failure conditions StatusCode::OUT_OF_GAS if gas charging fails. StatusCode::EMPTY_VALUE_STACK if element/reference operands are missing. StatusCode::INTERNAL_TYPE_ERROR if operands are not (elem, mutable vector reference). StatusCode::VECTOR_OPERATION_ERROR (sub-status VEC_SIZE_LIMIT_REACHED) if vector is at max size. StatusCode::UNKNOWN_INVARIANT_VIOLATION_ERROR if runtime vector element layout mismatches type operand.
0x45	VEC_POP_BACK	idx	&mut vector<T>	T	Pops and returns last vector element. 'idx' is ULEB128 and points to SIGNATURES.	22
Description Pops and returns last vector element. 'idx' is ULEB128 and points to SIGNATURES. Operand idx Stack Inputs &mut vector<T> Stack Outputs T MoveVM Version Introduced in Move bytecode version 4. Gas Cost 2 Abort / failure conditions StatusCode::OUT_OF_GAS if gas charging fails. StatusCode::EMPTY_VALUE_STACK if vector reference is missing. StatusCode::INTERNAL_TYPE_ERROR if top value is not a mutable vector reference. StatusCode::VECTOR_OPERATION_ERROR (sub-status POP_EMPTY_VEC) when vector is empty. StatusCode::UNKNOWN_INVARIANT_VIOLATION_ERROR if runtime vector element layout mismatches type operand. StatusCode::EXECUTION_STACK_OVERFLOW if pushing exceeds operand stack limit (1024 values).
0x46	VEC_UNPACK	idxu64	vector<T>	element_0...element_n	Unpacks vector into N values. 'idx' is ULEB128 and points to SIGNATURES. 'u64' is a 8-byte little-endian immediate.	11
Description Unpacks vector into N values. 'idx' is ULEB128 and points to SIGNATURES. 'u64' is a 8-byte little-endian immediate. Operand idxu64 Stack Inputs vector<T> Stack Outputs element_0...element_n MoveVM Version Introduced in Move bytecode version 4. Gas Cost 1 Abort / failure conditions StatusCode::OUT_OF_GAS if gas charging fails. StatusCode::EMPTY_VALUE_STACK if source vector is missing. StatusCode::INTERNAL_TYPE_ERROR if top value is not a vector. StatusCode::VECTOR_OPERATION_ERROR (sub-status VEC_UNPACK_PARITY_MISMATCH) if vector length != N. StatusCode::UNKNOWN_INVARIANT_VIOLATION_ERROR if runtime vector element layout mismatches type operand. StatusCode::EXECUTION_STACK_OVERFLOW if pushing unpacked elements exceeds stack limit.
0x47	VEC_SWAP	idx	u64 iu64 j&mut vector<T>		Swaps two vector elements. 'idx' is ULEB128 and points to SIGNATURES.	11
Description Swaps two vector elements. 'idx' is ULEB128 and points to SIGNATURES. Operand idx Stack Inputs u64 iu64 j&mut vector<T> MoveVM Version Introduced in Move bytecode version 4. Gas Cost 1 Abort / failure conditions StatusCode::OUT_OF_GAS if gas charging fails. StatusCode::EMPTY_VALUE_STACK if operands are missing. StatusCode::INTERNAL_TYPE_ERROR if operands are not (u64, u64, mutable vector reference). StatusCode::VECTOR_OPERATION_ERROR (sub-status INDEX_OUT_OF_BOUNDS) if either index is invalid. StatusCode::UNKNOWN_INVARIANT_VIOLATION_ERROR if runtime vector element layout mismatches type operand.
0x48	LD_U16	u16		u16	Pushes u16 immediate. 'u16' is a 2-byte little-endian immediate.	44
Description Pushes u16 immediate. 'u16' is a 2-byte little-endian immediate. Operand u16 Stack Outputs u16 MoveVM Version Introduced in Move bytecode version 6. Gas Cost 4 Abort / failure conditions StatusCode::OUT_OF_GAS if gas charging fails. StatusCode::EXECUTION_STACK_OVERFLOW if pushing exceeds operand stack limit (1024 values).
0x49	LD_U32	u32		u32	Pushes u32 immediate. 'u32' is a 4-byte little-endian immediate.	66
Description Pushes u32 immediate. 'u32' is a 4-byte little-endian immediate. Operand u32 Stack Outputs u32 MoveVM Version Introduced in Move bytecode version 6. Gas Cost 6 Abort / failure conditions StatusCode::OUT_OF_GAS if gas charging fails. StatusCode::EXECUTION_STACK_OVERFLOW if pushing exceeds operand stack limit (1024 values).
0x4A	LD_U256	u256		u256	Pushes u256 immediate. 'u256' is a 32-byte little-endian immediate.	3434
Description Pushes u256 immediate. 'u256' is a 32-byte little-endian immediate. Operand u256 Stack Outputs u256 MoveVM Version Introduced in Move bytecode version 6. Gas Cost 34 Abort / failure conditions StatusCode::OUT_OF_GAS if gas charging fails. StatusCode::EXECUTION_STACK_OVERFLOW if pushing exceeds operand stack limit (1024 values).
0x4B	CAST_U16		uN	u16	Casts integer to u16.	44
Description Casts integer to u16. Stack Inputs uN Stack Outputs u16 MoveVM Version Introduced in Move bytecode version 6. Gas Cost 4 Abort / failure conditions StatusCode::OUT_OF_GAS if gas charging fails. StatusCode::EMPTY_VALUE_STACK if source integer is missing. StatusCode::INTERNAL_TYPE_ERROR if source is not an integer runtime value. StatusCode::ARITHMETIC_ERROR if source value does not fit target integer width. StatusCode::EXECUTION_STACK_OVERFLOW if pushing exceeds operand stack limit (1024 values).
0x4C	CAST_U32		uN	u32	Casts integer to u32.	66
Description Casts integer to u32. Stack Inputs uN Stack Outputs u32 MoveVM Version Introduced in Move bytecode version 6. Gas Cost 6 Abort / failure conditions StatusCode::OUT_OF_GAS if gas charging fails. StatusCode::EMPTY_VALUE_STACK if source integer is missing. StatusCode::INTERNAL_TYPE_ERROR if source is not an integer runtime value. StatusCode::ARITHMETIC_ERROR if source value does not fit target integer width. StatusCode::EXECUTION_STACK_OVERFLOW if pushing exceeds operand stack limit (1024 values).
0x4D	CAST_U256		uN	u256	Casts integer to u256.	3434
Description Casts integer to u256. Stack Inputs uN Stack Outputs u256 MoveVM Version Introduced in Move bytecode version 6. Gas Cost 34 Abort / failure conditions StatusCode::OUT_OF_GAS if gas charging fails. StatusCode::EMPTY_VALUE_STACK if source integer is missing. StatusCode::INTERNAL_TYPE_ERROR if source is not an integer runtime value. StatusCode::ARITHMETIC_ERROR if source value does not fit target integer width. StatusCode::EXECUTION_STACK_OVERFLOW if pushing exceeds operand stack limit (1024 values).
0x4E	PACK_VARIANT	idx	variant_field_0...variant_field_n	variant<E::V>	Packs fields into enum variant value. 'idx' is ULEB128 and points to VARIANT_HANDLES.	44
Description Packs fields into enum variant value. 'idx' is ULEB128 and points to VARIANT_HANDLES. Operand idx Stack Inputs variant_field_0...variant_field_n Stack Outputs variant<E::V> MoveVM Version No opcode-specific entries. Gas Cost 4 Abort / failure conditions StatusCode::OUT_OF_GAS if gas charging fails. StatusCode::EMPTY_VALUE_STACK if fewer than required field values are available. StatusCode::VM_MAX_VALUE_DEPTH_REACHED when target enum type exceeds depth limit. StatusCode::EXECUTION_STACK_OVERFLOW if pushing exceeds operand stack limit (1024 values).
0x4F	PACK_VARIANT_GENERIC	idx	variant_field_0...variant_field_n	variant<E::V>	Packs fields into enum variant value. 'idx' is ULEB128 and points to VARIANT_INST_HANDLES.	44
Description Packs fields into enum variant value. 'idx' is ULEB128 and points to VARIANT_INST_HANDLES. Operand idx Stack Inputs variant_field_0...variant_field_n Stack Outputs variant<E::V> MoveVM Version No opcode-specific entries. Gas Cost 4 Abort / failure conditions StatusCode::OUT_OF_GAS if gas charging fails. StatusCode::EMPTY_VALUE_STACK if fewer than required field values are available. StatusCode::VM_MAX_VALUE_DEPTH_REACHED when target enum type exceeds depth limit. StatusCode::EXECUTION_STACK_OVERFLOW if pushing exceeds operand stack limit (1024 values).
0x50	UNPACK_VARIANT	idx	variant<E::V>	variant_field_0...variant_field_n	Unpacks enum variant into field values. 'idx' is ULEB128 and points to VARIANT_HANDLES.	11
Description Unpacks enum variant into field values. 'idx' is ULEB128 and points to VARIANT_HANDLES. Operand idx Stack Inputs variant<E::V> Stack Outputs variant_field_0...variant_field_n MoveVM Version No opcode-specific entries. Gas Cost 1 Abort / failure conditions StatusCode::OUT_OF_GAS if gas charging fails. StatusCode::EMPTY_VALUE_STACK if source variant is missing. StatusCode::INTERNAL_TYPE_ERROR if top value is not a variant. StatusCode::VARIANT_TAG_MISMATCH if runtime tag != operand-expected tag. StatusCode::EXECUTION_STACK_OVERFLOW if pushing unpacked fields exceeds stack limit.
0x51	UNPACK_VARIANT_IMM_REF	idx	&variant<E::V>	&field_0...&field_n	Borrows fields from variant reference immutably. 'idx' is ULEB128 and points to VARIANT_HANDLES.	11
Description Borrows fields from variant reference immutably. 'idx' is ULEB128 and points to VARIANT_HANDLES. Operand idx Stack Inputs &variant<E::V> Stack Outputs &field_0...&field_n MoveVM Version No opcode-specific entries. Gas Cost 1 Abort / failure conditions StatusCode::OUT_OF_GAS if gas charging fails. StatusCode::EMPTY_VALUE_STACK if source variant reference is missing. StatusCode::INTERNAL_TYPE_ERROR if top value is not a variant reference. StatusCode::VARIANT_TAG_MISMATCH if runtime tag != operand-expected tag. StatusCode::EXECUTION_STACK_OVERFLOW if pushing unpacked field references exceeds stack limit.
0x52	UNPACK_VARIANT_MUT_REF	idx	&mut variant<E::V>	&mut field_0...&mut field_n	Borrows fields from variant reference mutably. 'idx' is ULEB128 and points to VARIANT_HANDLES.	11
Description Borrows fields from variant reference mutably. 'idx' is ULEB128 and points to VARIANT_HANDLES. Operand idx Stack Inputs &mut variant<E::V> Stack Outputs &mut field_0...&mut field_n MoveVM Version No opcode-specific entries. Gas Cost 1 Abort / failure conditions StatusCode::OUT_OF_GAS if gas charging fails. StatusCode::EMPTY_VALUE_STACK if source variant reference is missing. StatusCode::INTERNAL_TYPE_ERROR if top value is not a variant reference. StatusCode::VARIANT_TAG_MISMATCH if runtime tag != operand-expected tag. StatusCode::EXECUTION_STACK_OVERFLOW if pushing unpacked field references exceeds stack limit.
0x53	UNPACK_VARIANT_GENERIC	idx	variant<E::V>	variant_field_0...variant_field_n	Unpacks enum variant into field values. 'idx' is ULEB128 and points to VARIANT_INST_HANDLES.	11
Description Unpacks enum variant into field values. 'idx' is ULEB128 and points to VARIANT_INST_HANDLES. Operand idx Stack Inputs variant<E::V> Stack Outputs variant_field_0...variant_field_n MoveVM Version No opcode-specific entries. Gas Cost 1 Abort / failure conditions StatusCode::OUT_OF_GAS if gas charging fails. StatusCode::EMPTY_VALUE_STACK if source variant is missing. StatusCode::INTERNAL_TYPE_ERROR if top value is not a variant. StatusCode::VARIANT_TAG_MISMATCH if runtime tag != operand-expected tag. StatusCode::EXECUTION_STACK_OVERFLOW if pushing unpacked fields exceeds stack limit.
0x54	UNPACK_VARIANT_GENERIC_IMM_REF	idx	&variant<E::V>	&field_0...&field_n	Borrows fields from variant reference immutably. 'idx' is ULEB128 and points to VARIANT_INST_HANDLES.	11
Description Borrows fields from variant reference immutably. 'idx' is ULEB128 and points to VARIANT_INST_HANDLES. Operand idx Stack Inputs &variant<E::V> Stack Outputs &field_0...&field_n MoveVM Version No opcode-specific entries. Gas Cost 1 Abort / failure conditions StatusCode::OUT_OF_GAS if gas charging fails. StatusCode::EMPTY_VALUE_STACK if source variant reference is missing. StatusCode::INTERNAL_TYPE_ERROR if top value is not a variant reference. StatusCode::VARIANT_TAG_MISMATCH if runtime tag != operand-expected tag. StatusCode::EXECUTION_STACK_OVERFLOW if pushing unpacked field references exceeds stack limit.
0x55	UNPACK_VARIANT_GENERIC_MUT_REF	idx	&mut variant<E::V>	&mut field_0...&mut field_n	Borrows fields from variant reference mutably. 'idx' is ULEB128 and points to VARIANT_INST_HANDLES.	11
Description Borrows fields from variant reference mutably. 'idx' is ULEB128 and points to VARIANT_INST_HANDLES. Operand idx Stack Inputs &mut variant<E::V> Stack Outputs &mut field_0...&mut field_n MoveVM Version No opcode-specific entries. Gas Cost 1 Abort / failure conditions StatusCode::OUT_OF_GAS if gas charging fails. StatusCode::EMPTY_VALUE_STACK if source variant reference is missing. StatusCode::INTERNAL_TYPE_ERROR if top value is not a variant reference. StatusCode::VARIANT_TAG_MISMATCH if runtime tag != operand-expected tag. StatusCode::EXECUTION_STACK_OVERFLOW if pushing unpacked field references exceeds stack limit.
0x56	VARIANT_SWITCH	idx	&variant<E>		Branches by variant tag via jump table. 'idx' is ULEB128 and points to VARIANT_JUMP_TABLE (function-local).	11
Description Branches by variant tag via jump table. 'idx' is ULEB128 and points to VARIANT_JUMP_TABLE (function-local). Operand idx Stack Inputs &variant<E> MoveVM Version No opcode-specific entries. Gas Cost 1 Abort / failure conditions StatusCode::OUT_OF_GAS if gas charging fails. StatusCode::EMPTY_VALUE_STACK if source variant reference is missing. StatusCode::INTERNAL_TYPE_ERROR if top value is not a variant reference. StatusCode::PC_OVERFLOW if resolved jump target offset is outside function bytecode. Malformed jump tables/tags are verifier-invalid and treated as invariant-violation class failures.